Transparency in Billing Act of 2026

This Act may be cited as the Transparency in Billing Act of 2026.
Subpart B of part 7 of subtitle B of title I of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (29 U.S.C. 1185 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following new section:
A group health plan or health insurance issuer offering group health insurance coverage may not pay a claim for items and services furnished to an individual at an off-campus outpatient department of a provider (as defined in section 901(c)) submitted by a hospital (as defined in section 1861(e) of the Social Security Act) unless such claim submitted by such hospital includes the separate unique health identifier for the department where items and services were furnished, in accordance with section 901.
The table of contents of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (29 U.S.C. 1001 note) is amended by adding after the item relating to section 726 the following:
The amendments made by this section shall take effect with respect to plan years beginning on or after January 1, 2027.
Subtitle B of title I of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (29 U.S.C. 1021 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following new part:
A hospital may not, with respect to items and services furnished to an individual at an off-campus outpatient department of a provider, submit a claim for such items and services to a group health plan or health insurance issuer, and may not hold such individual liable for such items and services, unless—
such hospital obtains a separate unique health identifier established for such department pursuant to section 1173(b) of the Social Security Act; and
the claim for such items and services includes such separate unique health identifier for such department where such items and services were furnished.
Not later than one year after the date of enactment of this section, the Secretary shall establish a process under which a suspected violation of this section may be reported to such Secretary.
For purposes of this paragraph, the term off-campus outpatient department of a provider means a department of a provider (as defined in section 413.65 of title 42, Code of Federal Regulations, or any successor regulation) that is not located—
on the campus (as defined in such section) of such provider; or
within the distance (described in such definition of campus) from a remote location of a hospital facility (as defined in such section).
The table of contents of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (29 U.S.C. 1001 note) is amended by inserting after the item relating to section 804 the following new item:
Section 502 of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (29 U.S.C. 1132) is amended—
in subsection (a)(6), by striking or (13) and inserting (13), or (14); and
in subsection (c), by adding at the end the following new paragraph:
The Secretary may assess a civil monetary penalty against a hospital for a violation of section 901 in an amount—
in the case of a hospital with not more than 30 beds (as determined under section 180.90(c)(2)(ii)(D) of title 45, Code of Federal Regulations, as in effect on the date of the enactment of this paragraph), not to exceed $300 per day that the violation is ongoing, as determined by the Secretary; and
in the case of a hospital with more than 30 beds (as so determined), not to exceed $5,500 per each such day.
The Secretary of Labor shall implement the amendments made by this Act by rulemaking.