To amend the Clean Air Act with respect to the ethanol waiver for Reid Vapor Pressure under that Act, and for other purposes.

Section 211(f)(4) of the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7545(f)(4)) is amended—
by striking (4) The Administrator, upon and inserting the following:
The Administrator, on
in subparagraph (A) (as so designated)—
in the first sentence—
by striking of this subsection each place it appears; and
by striking if he determines and inserting if the Administrator determines; and
in the second sentence, by striking The Administrator and inserting the following:
The Administrator
by adding at the end the following:
A fuel or fuel additive may be introduced into commerce if—
the Administrator determines that the fuel or fuel additive is substantially similar to a fuel or fuel additive utilized in the certification of any model year vehicle pursuant to paragraph (1)(A); or
the fuel or fuel additive has been granted a waiver under subparagraph (A) and meets all of the conditions of that waiver other than any limitation of the waiver with respect to the Reid Vapor Pressure of the fuel or fuel additive; and
the fuel or fuel additive meets all other applicable Reid Vapor Pressure requirements under subsection (h).
Section 211(h) of the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7545(h)) is amended—
by striking vapor pressure each place it appears and inserting Vapor Pressure;
in paragraph (4), in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by striking 10 percent and inserting 10 to 15 percent; and
in paragraph (5)(A)—
by striking Upon notification, accompanied by and inserting On receipt of a notification that is submitted after the date of enactment of the Farm, Food, and National Security Act of 2026, and is accompanied by appropriate;
by striking 10 percent and inserting 10 to 15 percent; and
by adding at the end the following: Upon the enactment of the Farm, Food, and National Security Act of 2026, any State for which the notification from the Governor of a State was submitted after January 1, 2022, and before the date of enactment of the Farm, Food, and National Security Act of 2026 and to which the Administrator applied the Reid Vapor Pressure limitation established by paragraph (1) shall instead have the Reid Vapor Pressure limitation established by paragraph (4) apply to all fuel blends containing gasoline and 10 to 15 percent denatured anhydrous ethanol that are sold, offered for sale, dispensed, supplied, offered for supply, transported, or introduced into commerce in the area during the high ozone season..
Section 211(o)(1) of the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7545(o)(1)) is amended—
by redesignating subparagraph (L) as subparagraph (M); and
by inserting after subparagraph (K) the following:
The term small refining company means a company, entity, or group of affiliated entities, including through subsidiaries, parent companies, joint ventures, holding companies, spin-offs, or other associated corporate or legal structures, the daily average aggregate production of obligated fuels of which for calendar year 2025 did not exceed 75,000 barrels per day across all of the facilities of the company, entity, or group of affiliated entities that produced transportation fuel subject to the requirements of paragraph (2).
Section 211(o)(9) of the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7545(o)(9)) is amended—
in subparagraph (B)—
in clause (i), by striking A small and inserting Subject to clause (iv), a small; and
by adding at the end the following:
Beginning in calendar year 2028, the Administrator may not apply or enforce any extension of an exemption granted pursuant to a petition under this subparagraph or otherwise continue to enforce the exemption under subparagraph (A) with respect to any small refinery.
Notwithstanding any other provision of law—
no small refinery may petition for an extension under this subparagraph with respect to any calendar year after calendar year 2027;
the Administrator may not consider any petition for an extension under this subparagraph, with respect to any calendar year, that is submitted after July 1, 2028; and
to the maximum extent practicable, the Administrator shall, not later than October 1, 2028, act on all outstanding petitions.
by redesignating subparagraphs (C) and (D) as subparagraphs (D) and (E), respectively; and
by inserting after subparagraph (B) the following:
Beginning in calendar year 2028, the Administrator shall, subject to clause (ii), reduce the compliance requirements of each small refining company under paragraph (2) by 75 percent.
If the average aggregate daily production of obligated fuels of a small refining company exceeds the limit described in paragraph (1)(L) in calendar year 2026 or any subsequent calendar year, the small refining company shall no longer be eligible for the adjusted compliance requirements under clause (i) during that calendar year or any subsequent calendar year, regardless of whether the average aggregate daily production of obligated fuels of the small refining company drops below that limit again.
Nothing in this Act or an amendment made by this Act affects any remedy available to a small refinery (as defined in paragraph (1) of section 211(o) of the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7545(o))) with respect to petitions for extensions of exemptions under paragraph (9) of that section and, for purposes of the application of such extensions and the review of the denial of such petitions, section 211(o)(9) of the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7545(o)(9)) shall be applied as in effect on the day before the date of enactment of this Act.
Section 211(o)(9) of the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7545(o)(9)) is further amended by adding at the end the following:
For any small refinery described in clause (ii) or (iii), the credits described in the respective clause shall be—
returned to the small refinery and, notwithstanding paragraph (5)(C), deemed eligible for future compliance years; or
applied as a credit in the EPA Moderated Transaction System (EMTS) account of the small refinery.
Clause (i) applies with respect to any small refinery that—
retired credits generated for compliance years 2016 or 2017; and
submitted a petition under subparagraph (B)(i) for that compliance year that remained outstanding as of December 1, 2022.
In addition to small refineries described in clause (ii), clause (i) applies with respect to any small refinery—
that submitted a petition under subparagraph (B)(i) for compliance year 2018 by September 1, 2019;
that retired credits generated for compliance year 2018 as part of the compliance demonstration of the small refinery for compliance year 2018 by March 31, 2019; and
for which—
the petition remained outstanding as of December 1, 2022; or
the Administrator denied the petition as of July 1, 2022, and has not returned the retired credits as of December 1, 2022.
Section 211(o)(9) of the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7545(o)(9)) is further amended by adding at the end the following:
For the purpose of making the determinations in paragraph (2)(B)(ii), for calendar year 2028 and each calendar year thereafter, the Administrator may not reallocate to other persons any renewable fuel obligation applicable to a small refining company the compliance requirements of which were reduced pursuant to subparagraph (C).
Not later than 18 months after the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency shall, after a period of notice and public comment, finalize a rule modifying the regulations of the Environmental Protection Agency under the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7401 et seq.) and the Solid Waste Disposal Act (42 U.S.C. 6901 et seq.) (commonly known as the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976) relating to the sale and distribution of gasoline-ethanol blends that contain greater than 10 volume percent ethanol and less than or equal to 15 volume percent ethanol.
In finalizing the rule required under paragraph (1), the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency shall modify the E15 fuel dispenser labeling requirements and the underground storage tank regulations of the Environmental Protection Agency with respect to compatibility with gasoline-ethanol blends.
Section 211(o)(9) of the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7545(o)(9)) is further amended by adding at the end the following:
Beginning in calendar year 2028, not later than December 31 of a calendar year, a qualifying small refinery may petition the Administrator for an exemption from compliance with the requirements of paragraph (2) for such calendar year for the reason of the imminent risk of closure, permanent idling, or conversion to a renewable fuel production facility.
In submitting a petition for an exemption under clause (i), a qualifying small refinery shall include in such petition the following:
Information demonstrating that—
the qualifying small refinery is at imminent risk of closure, permanent idling, or conversion to a renewable fuel production facility;
such risk is solely caused by the cost of compliance with the requirements of paragraph (2); and
the ownership of the qualifying small refinery has not changed after the date of enactment of this paragraph.
An attestation, executed by a senior corporate officer (or any equivalent position) with direct responsibility for the applicable operations of the qualifying small refinery, certifying that the information included under subclause (I) is correct.
Any petition submitted under this subparagraph, including any information, attestation, or other supporting documentation included in such a petition—
shall not be eligible for treatment as confidential business information for purposes of section 114(c) or any other provision of law; and
shall be made publicly available by the Administrator not later than 30 days after the date of such submission.
The Administrator shall act on any petition submitted by a qualifying small refinery for an exemption under this subparagraph not later than 90 days after the date of receipt of the petition.
The Administrator may grant an exemption under this subparagraph only upon a determination by the Administrator that the petition submitted for the exemption adequately demonstrates the matters specified in items (aa) through (cc) of clause (ii)(I) and includes the attestation described in clause (ii)(II).
An exemption granted for a qualifying small refinery under this subparagraph—
may exempt the qualifying small refinery from compliance with the requirements of paragraph (2) in whole or in part;
may only exempt the qualifying small refinery from compliance with the requirements of paragraph (2) to the extent necessary to prevent the closure, permanent idling, or conversion described in clause (i); and
shall only apply with respect to the calendar year for which the petition for the exemption is submitted.
In acting on petitions submitted by qualifying small refineries for exemptions under this subparagraph, the Administrator may not exempt, in total, renewable fuel obligations for qualifying small refineries such that the total volume of renewable fuel so exempted exceeds the relevant volume cap for the applicable calendar year described in subclause (II).
The volume cap described in this subclause is—
for calendar year 2028, the volume of all renewable fuel, including advanced biofuel, cellulosic biofuel, biomass-based diesel, and conventional biofuel, that the Administrator determines has, in total, an energy content equal to the energy content of 150 million gallons of conventional biofuel; and
for each calendar year after calendar year 2028, the volume of renewable fuel determined under item (aa), as adjusted by the Administrator in direct proportion to any changes to the applicable volume of renewable fuel established for the calendar year under paragraph (2)(B)(ii) as compared to the applicable volume of renewable fuel established for calendar year 2028.
In this subparagraph, the term qualifying small refinery means a small refinery—
that received an extension of an exemption under paragraph (9); or
for which the average aggregate daily crude oil throughput for a calendar year (as determined by dividing the aggregate throughput for the calendar year by the number of days in the calendar year) does not exceed 10,000 barrels; and
that began production on or after January 1, 2007, and before January 1, 2026.